The "panorama mode" on your phone camera is similar.
However, phone cameras use lenses that have very wide angles of view and thus only require a few images (taken while you're panning your phone) to capture an entire scene. On the other hand, we use lenses that can be more than 10 times as zoomed in. This means that a panorama photo that would have required your phone to take 3 images, requires us to take 300. And, as you can imagine, 300 50-megapixel images from a very high-end professional DSLR camera results in a dramatically more impressive photo than 3 8-megapixel images from a poor-quality phone camera.